Running

Hip Stability For Runners

The more stable your hips and pelvis are when you run, the less chance you have of getting injured

Here a four essential hip stability exercises for every runner (best performed straight after you run x2 per week)

1. Crab walks. Knees extended fully, feet pointed straight and pelvis tucked gently activating core. Slow steps work best 💥
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2. Single leg bridge. Try and keep your hips level as you extend one leg straight. Remember to keep breathing!
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3. Single leg squat with theraloop. Sit back into your hip (like you’re going to sit down & then straighten up, tucking your pelvis under and squeezing the glutes
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4. Monster walks. Maintain pelvis tucked under with core activation and push back and diagonally
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Please tag any runners you think might benefit from this workout & please let me know if you have any questions at all.
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Happy running 😎


Other Blogs To Help You Move and Feel Your Best:

5 Things Everyone With A Disc Issue Needs To Know

The story:

You’re at home and reach down to pick something up and feel a twinge.

Ouch!

But you don’t think much of it.

Until the next morning when you are unable to get out of bed because of severe pain and muscle spasms.

You’ve never felt anything quite like it - even sitting on the toilet is just about impossible.

You ring your doctor and they order an MRI - you somehow you manage to stumble into the radiology centre (lying down for the scan isn’t all that much fun).

The next day you get the results - and it shows a disc in your back has been injured.

You jump on Google and are suddenly confronted with all sorts of pictures showing discs pushing on nerves. Every website you read says that you may need surgery and you should be avoiding heavy lifting, bending and twisting.

Sound familiar?

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When you have been diagnosed with a disc issue, you have two problems to deal with:

  1. The physical side of the pain that can be overwhelming in the early stages and

  2. The mental side, that can be equally as bad. It can very hard to think clearly when your life comes to a complete halt..(who knew back pain could stop you in your tracks so suddenly and cruelly?!)

All sorts of things can go through your head when you are lying in bed, unable to move due to pain.

That you might develop chronic pain. That you might need surgery. That you can’t go through daily life with the same care-free attitude about how you move your body as before. That life as you know it is over and you will be living in fear of recurrence.

But there are some problems with the above scenario.

Some assumptions and beliefs that need some clarifying.

A lot of clarifying.

Be careful who you take your advice from.

There are a lot of unhelpful beliefs out there and you need to avoid catching a 'thought-virus’ that can derail your recovery and unknowingly put you on a path of ongoing pain and dysfunction.


When you have injured your back, it’s amazing how all of a sudden you start receiving all sorts of (unsolicited) advice from every Tom, Dick and Harry on the street.

Everyone has their approach that works for them.

But because there is so much conflicting advice, the uncertainly can make you feel even more confused and scaredwhat do I do? and who do I see to help?

Recently on a facebook post, a local Adelaide media identify asked, “How do I fix my disc?”

There were around 1,300 comments and I counted at least 50 different types of treatment.

The main thing to ask yourself when hearing advice is,

  • Are they using an evidence-based science approach?

If you stop and really think about this, unfortunately many well meaning people (including health care professionals) are simply giving out terribly outdated advice that creates a huge amount of unnecessary fear in people with disc issues.

This blog post is an attempt to clarify some unhelpful beliefs about disc related back pain.

There are 5 things everyone with a disc issue needs to know:

  • Scans are often misleading (most people have some disc bulging but have no pain)

  • Disc issues generally have a favourable outcome (and like a good wine improve with age)

  • The bigger the bulge, the better

  • Slumping might actually help you recover faster

  • Running is very beneficial for the disc

Essentially discs are one of the most stable and resilient structures in our body.

As always the following information is general and please use in conjunction with your trusted health care professional.

If you have any questions or concerns, please reach out to dan@kinfolkwellness.com.au

Let’s explore each of these statements a little more closely…

  1. Scans can be misleading…you can have a disc problem and not even know about it

It must be understood that in the normal pain-free population, there is a high prevalence of abnormal findings on MRI scans (see table below).

Brinjikji et al 2014

Brinjikji et al 2014

This systematic review by Brinjiki and colleagues in 2014 studied closely the MRI’s of asymptomatic people i.e. they had NO current back pain (or any history of back symptoms).

They found that all the people in the study showed some level of disc problems.

For example, 30% of all 20 year olds had a disc bulge and no pain.

This percentage increased with age, with over 60% of 50 year olds having a disc bulge, (and these are people who had no symptoms whatsoever).

This indicates that many of these features—particularly when found incidentally — should not be considered pathological and instead be regarded as normal age-related changes.

This makes it difficult sometimes to find what it truly driving the pain experience.

Many doctors and health care professionals (knowingly or unknowingly) contribute to a heightened pain state and increase risk of catastrophization by doing a poor job of communicating scan results.

Once a fear has been created, adrenaline can surge continually through the body, creating anxiety and fear of movement.

Having an experienced clinician explain your scan findings is an absolutely critical part of your recovery.

Evidence shows that rushing too quickly into an MRI imaging for a back strain results in a poorer prognosis, (with an increased chance of surgery).

After an injury or episode of pain, the body will heal (often over 2-3 month period).

But sometimes the pain can persist because the person feels frightened and intimidated by the diagnosis and there is subsequent ongoing protective muscle spasm (see below).

Some of the muscles that can tighten up after a disc injury and stay locked up, causing ongoing tightness and pain

Some of the muscles that can tighten up after a disc injury and stay locked up, causing ongoing tightness and pain

2. Disc issues generally improve as you age 

Although they can be extremely painful in the initial phase, the natural history of disc issues is favourable and the majority of disc prolapses resolve with time.

Many people assume because they have had a few bad episodes of back pain that they will continue to deteriorate over time. Some people even fear they will end up in a wheelchair.

If you have had these thoughts, I would like to tell you…after 25 years of studying/working as a Physiotherapist, I have never once seen someone’s back pain progress to the point of requiring a wheelchair to get around.

Interestingly, studies (such as above) have shown that as you age, the degree of degeneration in the discs increases when scanned, but that does not correlate with pain, disability or clinical symptoms, which tend to reduce with age.

After the age of 40, your discs actually start to stiffen up and become more stable.

This stability leads to less chance of the disc causing ongoing pain.

So the take home message is once you have had a disc issue you may always have changes on scans. They can be thought of as ‘wrinkles on the inside’ - a normal part of ageing and nothing at all to be concerned about.

3. The bigger the bulge, the better

Some studies indicate that about 85% of lumbar and 90% cervical acute disc herniation will get better in an average of 6 weeks, (but sometimes take up to 3 months for symptoms to settle).

In 2014, Chiu and colleagues conducted a systematic review to determine the probability of a spontaneous disc regression.

The aim of the systematic review was to investigate the probability of disc herniation regression and complete resolution.

The different types of disc issues and severity can be seen in the picture below.

The different types of disc herniations

The study showed the probability of a spontaneous regression was:

  • 96% for disc sequestrations

  • 70% for disc extrusions

  • 41% for focal protrusions

  • 13% for disc bulges

Essentially, the study offers some very encouraging statistics to tell us that the larger or more severe disc herniations often have a higher chance of spontaneous recovery.

Lumbar disc herniation can regress or disappear spontaneously without surgical intervention.

4. Slumping might actually be good for you

A study done by Pape (2018) showed slouched sitting can rehydrate the lumbar discs and essentially ease the pressure off the discs.

This study showed slumped postures can provide a valuable alternative to upright sitting and “may be recommended for recovering spinal height in the working environment following periods of loading”.

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A simple way to think about this is if you were to clench your fist as hard as you can for 60 seconds.

Pretty soon the muscles in your arm start to fatigue and eventually, if you held it for long enough, you’d start to feel some pain from the constant contraction.

Exactly the same thing can happen with the muscles in your spine.

After you’ve had an episode of back pain, you may start to worry about your back, and a well meaning health care professional has told you to “be really be careful with your posture and never slump!”.

Sometimes people can take this literally, always trying to sit up straight and never giving the muscles in the spine a chance to actually relax.

This can lead to the ongoing muscle tightness and tension that we mentioned earlier.

With back pain, there is no perfect position.

You don’t have to sit up straight forever - in fact doing this trying to protect your back may overload the muscles and give you more pain.

The people who don’t get pain and the ones who explore a wide variety of movement and change positions frequently. “You’re best posture is your next posture”.


5. Running significantly benefits the human intervertebral discs

A study recently that showed people who run have stronger and more resilient discs than those that don’t run.

The study showed that long distance runners and joggers had better hydration and glycosaminoglycan levels than non-athletic individuals.

“We expect that tissues will adapt to loads placed upon them,” says lead author Daniel Belavy (Burwood, Australia).

Just like your muscles and bones need stress to grow stronger, your discs also respond and adapt in the same way.

This is great news if you are a runner, as previously it was thought that the impact of running was potentially aggravating to the discs.

Now we know that runners have healthier discs, if you are considering getting back into running I would encourage you to work closely with a Physiotherapist who can help guide you back safely.

Interestingly this study showed a long distance runners using a walk / run pattern seemed to be the best for the disc, as opposed to just walking or always running fast.

This suggest that knowing your ‘easy’ running pace and sticking to it during your recovery phase may be an important part of keeping your spine healthy.

If you would like to find out your easy pace, based on your current fitness levels, please use our free online running calculator.

To be very clear…

Disc issues can be extremely painful and limiting in the first days/weeks and you need to take care of yourself by visiting a Physiotherapist who you know and trust.

Realistically, disc issues can take some time to fully settle down - sometimes up to 3 months.

Disc issues CAN be serious 1-2% of the time.

It will really only start to cause you grief if it starts to contact and compress the nerve root.

If it gets to this point, you may have pins and needles, numbness, weakness of the area supplied by the nerve that is affected.

Some of the signs you may need to consult with a doctor include:

  • constant numbness / pain in the leg

  • extreme constant pain and not able to get any sleep at all

  • bladder or bowel incontinence

But that leaves 98% of disc issues that can be well managed with a personalised Physiotherapy program.

Some people are more susceptible to disc problems than others.

Risk factors include:

  • obesity

  • lack of fitness

  • lack of regular exercise

  • cigarette smoking

  • history of anxiety or depression

How Physio can help

We are experts in treating people with disc pain and can help you in two main ways:

  • designing an exercise program designed to improve strength, flexibility and fitness

  • provide short-term relief with massage, spinal mobilisation or manual therapy to reduce pain and get you moving well again

If you would like to find out more information or start your healing journey right away, please use our easy online booking system to find a time that suits you.

Dan O'Grady is a results driven qualified Physiotherapist and member of the Australian Physiotherapy Association.  Dan has a special interest in treating lower back pain.  He has been working in private practice for 15 years. He is passionate about helping people to move better, feel better and get back to doing what they love.

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Are you low in Vitamin D?

Vitamin D deficiency is a common, serious medical condition that significantly affects the health and well-being of those affected.

It is estimated 30-40% of Australians are Vitamin D deficient.

Vitamin D deficiency is commonly misdiagnosed as fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome or depression.

Role of Vitamin D:

Vitamin D is extremely important for strong and healthy bones, as it help our bodies to absorb calcium.

Some research shows low levels of vitamin D may increase risk for sports injuries, including stress fractures because the nutrient is so vital for bone health.

Vitamin D also plays a key role in:

  • Muscle contraction– vitamin D is required for the activation of certain enzymes involved in muscle stimulation

  • Nerve stimulation– vitamin D is necessary for the nerves to carry messages between the brain and other parts of the body

  • Immune system– vitamin D helps activate and mediate the body’s immune function

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Causes of Vitamin D deficiency include:

  • low UV exposure

  • inadequate nutrition

  • dark skin pigmentation

  • malabsorption disorders

  • people who spend a long time indoors

  • elderly

  • people who are obese with a body mass index greater than 30 

Symptoms of Vitamin D deficiency:

Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various health problems, including cognitive decline, depression, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cancer.

The symptoms of vitamin D deficiency are often subtle, so many people don’t know they are deficient.

Some of the symptoms include:

  • Fatigue or tiredness

  • Bone pain

  • Joint pain

  • Muscle weakness, muscle aches, or muscle cramps

  • Increased muscle sensitivity to pain

  • More frequent illness

  • Anxiety

  • Irritability

  • Weight gain

  • Hair loss

Tips to for adequate Vitamin D intake:

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun is necessary for the production of vitamin D in the skin and is the best natural source of vitamin D.

Sunlight and Vitamin D:

Getting 10-15 minutes of full body of sun exposure to arms, legs, abdomen and back, two to three times a week is ideal for Vitamin D production.

You may need less direct exposure in summer and more in winter. Be sure to always wear sunscreen if you out in the sun for extended periods (more than 15 minutes).

UV radiation from the sun is also the main cause of skin cancer, so striking the optimal balance of sun exposure is critical (see graph below).

Vitamin D and exercise:

This study showed people who performed three or more hours a week of vigorous exercise—such as running, jogging, or playing basketball or soccer— have higher levels of vitamin D as well as higher levels of HDL (good) cholesterol.

Another reason to go out and exercise in nature.

Foods that contain vitamin D:

  • Fatty fish like salmon, tuna, herring or sardines

  • Cheese

  • Milk

  • Egg yolks

  • Mushrooms

Other processed foods with added vitamin D usually say “fortified with vitamin D” on the package. These products include dairy products, orange juice and cereal.

Summary

Vitamin D deficiency is a commonly undiagnosed condition that can have serious impact on your wellbeing.

If you want to find out more and get yourself checked, please discuss with your GP.

References:

Ultraviolet radiation and health: friend and foe

Vigorous exercise linked to higher vitamin D levels, lower heart disease risk

The Role of Vitamin D in the Aging Adult

When is it time to change your walking/running shoes?

Walking and running shoes have a limited lifespan.

With every step you are gradually breaking down the cushioning and support.

By 500-750 kilometres, most shoes have expired and need to be thrown out, recycled (or used for non-exercise purposes).

For example,

  • If you walk 5km per day x 5 per week - this would equate to replacing shoes every 6 months

  • If you run/walk 40km per week - this would equate to replacing shoes every 3 months

Leaving it too long to update your shoes can lead to annoying niggles and increasing the chances of developing a full blown injury.

When it comes to running and walking shoes, being mindful about the state of your shoes goes along way to improved performance and staying injury free.

…prevention definitely beats cure!

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My mistakes

Very early in my running career I made the mistake of neglecting my shoes and paid the price with ongoing plantar fasciitis and shin splints for a few years…not very fun!

Since then, I’ve been more mindful of updating my shoes regularly and always buying them from a reputable running specialty store. I find I get around 500km out of a pair.

The goal is to always replace your shoes before you head down the road of injury.

A general rule of thumb is to divide 75,000 by your current weight (in pounds) and that will indicate the approximate number of miles your running shoes should give you.

Signs you may be ready for a new pair of shoes:

  • sore feet during or after a run or walk

  • soreness in the shins, ITB or inside of your knee (and nothing else has changed in your training)

  • it has been 6 months since you have bought your last pair of running shoes

  • it has been 12 months since you have bought your last pair of walking shoes

Tips for buying your next pair of shoes:

  • Invest in a professional shoe fitting to find the best shoes to suit your feet (we recommend Joggers World / Sportitude or The Running Company)

  • consider buying two pairs to rotate between runs

  • keep a log on the mileage for each pair of shoe so you can be proactive in when to update

  • Many running apps like Strava and Garmin Connect, will track the mileage on your shoes, if you keep track when you first buy them.

  • Shoes tend to wear much more quickly if you are a heavier runner or do most of your running on roads or heavy, muddy trails.

When buying new shoes it’s best to AVOID:

  • waiting for your shoes to completely deteriorate before picking up a new pair

  • wearing your walking / running shoes for other exercise like cycling, tennis or gym as they will lose their shock absorption capacity quickly

  • buying your shoes from an outlet store, as often they carry outdated models that have already lost much of their cushioning and support and set you up for injury. The glue in the shoe starts deteriorating the moment it leaves the factory, so it’s best not to leave a new pair in the cupboard for long either, as they will not be in optimal shape by the time you start wearing them

Got any questions about your shoes?

Please let us know via email dan@kinfolkwellness.com.au

And if you are in need of a podiatrist to check you feet in more detail, we recommend you see Will Kuang at Adelaide Podiatry Centre

How you can transform your running during the corona virus

With the world in the midst of a pandemic, we are faced with significant challenges to our physical and mental health.

For many athletes, races haven been postponed or cancelled and this can affect motivation levels.

Our training can become directionless without a solid goal to aim towards.

How can we keep ourselves safe in the short-term, but also use this time as an opportunity to come out stronger and better than before?

For runners, now is the PERFECT time to switch from a performance/racing mindset to a health focus and find that sweet spot in our training.

Specifically targeted towards runners, this blog will explore 3 main areas:

  1. WHY running will boost immune your function and keep you safe during a viral outbreak

  2. WHAT to focus on to take your running to the next level

  3. HOW to identify weak links and build long term resilience

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1. Exercise to Boost the Immune System

It is widely agreed that regular exercise (30-60 mins daily at moderate intensity) is beneficial for immunity.

Several studies suggest that regular moderate physical activity is associated with decreased mortality and incidence rates for influenza and pneumonia (see graph below).

In their review paper, Nieman and Wentz (2019) found that moderate exercise is an immune system enhancer, that improves defense activity and metabolic health.

But the risk of illness is increased in athletes during periods of intensified training and competition, suggesting prolonged high intense exercise may be counter-productive at this time.

We don’t know exactly how exercise helps, but some theories include:

  • physical activity may help flush bacteria out of the lungs and airways. This may reduce your chance of getting a cold, flu, or other illness.

  • exercise causes change in antibodies and white blood cells (WBC). WBCs are the body's immune system cells that fight disease. These antibodies or WBCs circulate more rapidly, so they could detect illnesses earlier than they might have before.

  • the brief rise in body temperature during and right after exercise may prevent bacteria from growing. This temperature rise may help the body fight infection better, similar to what happens when you have a fever.

  • exercise slows down the release of stress hormones which may protect against illness.

Exercise may protect against deadly complication in COVID-19

A review released in April 2020 by Zhen Yan, PhD, of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, showed that medical research findings "strongly support" the possibility that exercise can prevent or at least reduce the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome, which affects between 3% and 17% of all patients with COVID-19.

The researchers have been looking at an antioxidant known as, "Extracellular superoxide dismutase" (EcSOD), which seemed to improve viral clearance by hunting down harmful free radicals and enabling patients to endure prolonged infection.

This latest study shows EcSOD production is enhanced by moderate intensity exercise.

During exercise, the skeletal muscles (our largest organ in the body) produce EcSOD, secreting it into the circulation to allow binding to other vital organs.

Specifically, slow twitch endurance type muscles have a higher capacity for antioxidant production, compared with fast-twitch, glycolytic fibers with lower oxidative potential.

Accumulating evidence supports that reduced EcSOD abundance and activities in tissues are associated with many disease conditions, and increased EcSOD activity is protective against oxidative stress and damage under these disease pathologies. Endura…

Accumulating evidence supports that reduced EcSOD abundance and activities in tissues are associated with many disease conditions, and increased EcSOD activity is protective against oxidative stress and damage under these disease pathologies. Endurance exercise increases EcSOD abundance in skeletal tissue, which can be redistributed to peripheral tissues via the circulation to combat ROS and oxidative damage. - picture credit

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So…how do you exactly define ‘moderate’ intensity exercise?

One of the easiest and most reliable ways to measure exercise intensity is to use Rate Of Perceived Exertion (RPE) which uses a self-reported scale between 1 (easiest) and 10 (most intense).

The graph below shows how RPE relates to exercise:

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Thus, a moderate intensity would be described as below 5/10 RPE, which exercise physiologists describe as the aerobic zone.

Moderate intensity exercise should allow you to carry on a conversation without huffing and puffing too much.

2. What to focus on to take your running to the next level

Here is where the current advice to limit your training intensity to moderate can assist your immune system, but also can help your running long term.

We know one of the best predictors of success is to string consistent weeks of training in a row and the best way to do this is to keep your running intensity low while slowly building weekly volume.

Some recent research from the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research has suggested that world-class long-distance running performances are best predicted by volume of easy runs (and deliberate practice of short-interval and tempo runs).

This novel study shows that there is a crucial role for easy runs that contribute to greater volumes of running, allowing for improved cardio-vascular efficiency (building a better engine) and optimal physiological functioning.

“All time best running coach” - Arthur Lydiard

In the 1960s, New Zealand athletes took the Olympics by storm.  They won medals from 800 meters to the marathon and what was interesting was that the winners were all from the same town - with the same coach!

That coach was New Zealander Arthur Lydiard (1917-2004) who was credited with developing one of the first periodised training programs for runners.

Lydiard strongly advised building this low-intensity aerobic base over a period of at least 3 months, (or 4-5 months if you’re starting out) and then building your race specific work later (see Figure below).

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Lydiard, intuitively understandstood the physiology of what makes a resilient runner and urged his runners to hold themselves back in base training.

“To race well, you must train slowly” - Arthur Lydiard

You can never go too slowly to develop cardiac efficiency” - Arthur Lydiard

“Train, don’t strain” - Arthur Lydiard

“It’s not the best athlete who wins, but the best prepared.” - Arthur Lydiard

“Never do anaerobic work in conditioning. Never. Ever. That’s one of the first things: You don’t do it. Don’t even try. Don’t even run fast to the finish. That’s the one thing you’ve got to learn” - Arthur Lydiard

Physiology of base training

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There are two basic energy systems you use when training: anaerobic and aerobic.

Aerobic means “with oxygen” and in base training, one of the primary goals is to improve your ability to take in and utilize oxygen.

Unfortunately, you can't build both your aerobic and anaerobic systems at the same time very well.

Lydiard believed the cardiovascular system had to be built up to it’s maximum first, if you wanted to develop the muscular system to its maximum.

Container analogy

A simple analogy is to imagine a container.

Insider the container is your fitness level.

All of your hard workouts are enclosed inside the container.

They get you fit, but are ultimately limited by the container’s size / volume.

Rather than focusing on fitness, base training focuses on making the container bigger.

This is achieved through conditioning of the cardio-vascular system and building mito-chondria in the cells of the muscles.

This paves the way for harder race specific fitness training later in the training phase.

GOAT - Eluid Kipchoge

How does the greatest runner of all time, Eluid Kipchoge distribute his training loads?

As you can see below, Stephen Seiler has complied his data leading up to the Berlin Marathon - and you can see the majority of his training time is spent in the ‘easy’ zone.

No doubt a pretty reliable template for great performances.

Kipchoge's training over 41 days and 59 sessions prior to #berlinmarathon: rough quantification of available training log.

Kipchoge's training over 41 days and 59 sessions prior to #berlinmarathon: rough quantification of available training log.

Limitations of high intensity running

High intensity running sessions need 48-72 hours to recover from. So in that time, you can normally do some short runs, but nothing more substantial, as you will normally be too sore.

To get faster and more resilient, it can feel natural to want to train HARDER and HARDER, but done too often, this can lead to an increased risk of injury and more time off for recovery.

And sadly can lead to burnout and giving up the sport altogether.

Sign you might be spending too much time doing hard training:

  • pain / niggling injuries

  • excessive tightness

  • low energy

  • poor sleep

  • irritable

Essentially the body will adapt faster if you're doing lower intensity efforts more frequently. 

Benefits of building low-intensity running volume base first

Adaptations of aerobic training include:

  • increased stroke volume of the heart, capillary density and mitochondrial density.

  • stroke volume increase simply means that your heart pumps more blood per beat.

  • mitochondria are structures within muscle cells that produce energy from fat and carbohydrate oxidation. Think of them as tiny batteries for muscle contractions.

  • improved running technique and efficiency - every stride is practice and improving your neuro-muscular efficiency

  • improves muscle strength and endurance

  • increases blood flow and circulation, leading to healthier tissues and aiding recovery

  • improves mind - body connection (can become aware of weak links early in the training cycle and strengthen them with a specific plan)

  • helps burn fat and maintain appropriate weight

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Tips for building base mileage

  • focus on total weekly mileage, rather than getting the most out of every run

  • pace should be relaxed and easy - it should pass the ‘talk test’

  • keep your cadence relatively high, while maintaining a gentle pace (takes some practice)

  • insert walking breaks whenever you feel like you need it

  • keep your feet fresh by rotating between 2-3 of running shoes

  • get onto the trails where you can take some pressure off your joints and enjoy being out in nature

  • increase long run every second week to allow adequate recovery time

  • every fourth week should be a de-loading/recovery week so drop total volume down by 20-30% to allow for healing and recovery

  • “let fitness come to you, don’t chase fitness”

Aerobic base building ISN’T just slow, easy running

Lydiard suggests during base training ideally you should be running large amounts of mileage at varying speeds, effort, and terrains.

The main thing to avoid is pushing into the anaerobic zone for prolonged periods, when you’re muscles get filled with lactic acid and you are sore the following day.

This would include avoiding extended workouts at V02 Max (roughly 5K pace) or faster, such as 400m to 2km repeats.

These anaerobic workouts raise the acidity of cells, which can damage the mitochondria and aerobic enzymes you’re working to build.

Types of sessions you can still do:

  • VERY EASY RUN: at conversational pace, throwing in some walking breaks whenever you feel like it

  • PROGRESSION RUN: Easy jog for first half and then increasing the pace for second half, but remaining below anaerobic threshold (e.g. 10k - half marathon pace)

  • HILL SPRINTS: Find a medium steep hill and do 10 sec up hill sprints at 80-90% max, followed by 1 min walking recovery. Repeat x 5-10. These will build leg strength but won’t over-tax the muscles.

  • STRIDES: At the end of an easy run - 5 x 200m sprints at 80-90% maximum. Think of increasing leg turn-over speed. These will will improve neuro-muscular efficiency.

  • MONA-FARTLEK: Run the on’s at moderate intensity tempo pace approx 10k pace and walk the off sections for recovery. (This would differ from a regular in season mona fartlek that would be run at a much higher intensity with running recoveries).

  • LONG WALK IN THE HILLS: easy meander at a casual pace

  • STRENGTH SESSIONS: Base training is the perfect time to work on building up your weak links (see below).

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Investing in your running body

Another analogy I like to use around building a base foundation is around money.

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Simply put - hard intense running is like spending money - it costs you physically and is very taxing on your body.

If you are ONLY spending money every day, one day you will get a very rude awakening (bank knocking on the door), as you hit your credit card debt limits. Pain all around!

Whereas as easy aerobic running is like saving money.

Each time you work within your limits you are building your savings (better endurance capacity).

You can then reap the investment dividends about 6-12 months later. Race day comes around and you have a great day spending the money you built up and never go into debt.

Building Your Optimal Running Volume

Coach Arthur Lydiard would recommend his elite athletes build up to 160-200km+ per week during base aerobic foundation training.

“The bigger the foundation, the bigger and higher the house can be built.” - Lydiard

For your specific goals and level of training, please see the table below for a general number to aim towards. Obviously building up very gradually and listening to your body is the key.

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These numbers may sounds a lot.

But remember this is low-intensity and may even include walking if you are just starting out.

To put it in perspective, the World Health Organisation recommends 30-60 mins aerobic exercise per day. If you were to do 45 mins per day of walk/run at a very easy pace that would be around 7km per day.

Done 6 days per week adds up to 40km per week and would be very manageable.

If that sounds like too much, you might need to reconsider your running goals in the short-term any focus on building your daily walking volume. There is nothing wrong with that - even some of the elite athletes need to use a walking program when returning from an injury.

To figure out what pace you should be doing your easy runs, we have designed an online calculatorthat can help you.

Running Calculator

You can enter your most recent 3km or 5km time and see the pace range you should be aiming at for your easy runs.

It also gives you an accurate idea of your training zones for specific goals which is super handy.

Knowing and respecting your individual ‘easy’ zone pace is probably the single most important factor for a runner to learn.

Now, if you have just discovered your ‘easy pace’ to be ridiculously slow, then you know you are probably a ‘threshold addict’.

Full disclosure, I am a recovering threshold addict.

It took an intervention and a whole lot of pain for my dull brain to understand the physiology behind staying injury free as a runner.

If you are struggling to reconcile your ‘easy’ running pace, then here is a simple hack:

Your easy running pace is the average pace for your whole run.

So you can still run fairly quickly, but you will need to take some walking breaks.

Are you really a runner if you take walking breaks?

I’m not sure exactly why this belief developed that you’re not really a runner if you take walking breaks.

I would say the major limitation to building volume is refusing to ever take walking breaks.

It’s a belief that is worth letting go of, if you want to transform your running.

Repetitive eccentric loading of muscles and tendons from running is hugely stressful for the body.

Let’s face it - building a resilient runners body takes time and patience.

To put this in context, can you imagine going to a gym and smashing out 10,000 loaded single leg squats in a row without a break? That is the torture you are putting your body through, if you refuse to take walking breaks, especially early on in your running career.

Nutrition

The base phase of training is an ideal time to set up your nutrition plan and I would highly recommend consulting with a sports nutritionist for an individual plan, based on your goals.

The most effective nutritional strategies for athletes include increased intake of protein, carbohydrates and polyphenols.

A consistent finding is that carbohydrate intake during prolonged exercise, whether from drinks or sugar-dense fruits such as bananas or gels is associated with reduced stress hormones, diminished blood levels of neutrophils and monocytes, and reduced levels of inflammation.

Exercise physiologist, David Nieman believes that carbohydrates are the key nutrient bonding exercise and good health and he recommends ingesting them before, during and after running.

Indeed, he notes a whole new science of immuno-metabolism that places glucose and glycogen at the center of healthy immunity as well as being the key to strong endurance athletes.

When runners consume carbs during their long runs, their immune cells “look and perform much better,” says Nieman.

3. How to use this time to build resilience - Discovering your weak links

I’ve long considered running to be one of the best barometers of musculo-skeletal capacity.

No other test can give more information about our body than finding out what happens after 20km of running (a distance which our innate ancestral bodies used to cover frequently).

As physical therapist and strength coach Gray Cook recommends, “First move well, then move often.”

Most of us have some weak links in our body that we may never know until we start to increase demand.

As you’re progressing in training, the harder sessions will ‘test’ your physical capacity and movement foundation.

The benefit of building your low-intensity volume in the initial few months of training is that it can expose weak links in your body, without risking huge strain on your body.

Because there is no pressure to be fast and progress too quickly, in this phase you can take your time to properly address the underlying issue.

Identifying your weak links can sometimes be really easy - it’s the area of your body that is overloaded and painful.

But there is often also a deeper root cause of why a certain tissue is getting overloaded, sometimes not as obvious.

That is where a good Physio can help you do some detective work and identify the more subtle issues that may be contributing.

These issues may be things like:

  • weak or inefficient core muscles

  • inactive glutes

  • stiff ankles from past injury

  • tight hip flexors

  • poor body awareness

Free Running Screening

I’ve put together a free screening tool to help runners identify any weak links.

This is a completely free service and my goal is to help as many runners as possible, so please feel free to share with your running friends!

This involves a short set of questions and then 5 physical capacity tests.

As you can probably tell, I’m super passionate about helping runners stay injury free in these challenging times the world is facing.

Having a strong physical foundation is the key to keeping yourself strong and healthy so we can be of support to others.


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